Testosterone is an important hormone that plays a key role in many bodily functions in both men and women. Though present in lower levels in women, testosterone affects them as well. Some key effects of high testosterone include:
Increased muscle mass and strength - Testosterone stimulates protein synthesis, resulting in the buildup of muscle mass and strength, especially when combined with strength training. Men with higher testosterone will typically be able to build muscle more easily.
Bone mineral density - Testosterone promotes bone mineral density, helping to strengthen bones and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. This can benefit both elderly men and postmenopausal women.
Red blood cell production - Testosterone increases red blood cell production, which improves oxygen flow throughout the body. This can improve endurance and exercise capacity.
However, this also increases the risk of disorders like polycythemia (increased red blood cells) and sleep apnea. Monitoring blood cell counts is advised.
Sperm production - Testosterone plays a key role in spermatogenesis (sperm formation) and maintaining healthy sperm counts. Men with low testosterone are at higher risk of infertility.
Libido and sexual function - One of the most well-known effects of testosterone is on libido and sexual function. Higher testosterone is associated with increased sexual desire and arousal in both men and women. It also plays a role in erection attainment and maintenance.
Fat distribution - Testosterone promotes lipolysis, the breakdown of fat cells. It specifically helps reduce abdominal/visceral fat. In those with higher testosterone, fat tends to deposit on the arms and legs rather than the belly.
Skin and hair - Testosterone increases sebum production, leading to oily skin and acne. It also contributes to male pattern baldness for those genetically prone to it. Excess testosterone can exacerbate these effects.
Mood and cognition - Testosterone plays a complex role in mood and cognition. Deficiency has been associated with depression and reduced cognitive ability. However, excess levels have also been linked to increased irritability and aggression. Finding the "sweet spot" for optimizing mood is important.
Now, while that may sound largely positive, it's important to note that excessively high testosterone can cause issues of its own:
- Increased risk of heart disease, blood clots, and stroke
- Liver toxicity, if taking extremely high doses of testosterone
- Prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
- Worsening sleep apnea
- Male pattern baldness
- Acne and oily skin
- Increased irritability and aggression
The key is optimizing testosterone levels, not necessarily maximizing them. For treatment, we recommend starting with lifestyle changes first:
- Weight loss if overweight
- Strength training and high-intensity exercise
- Stress management and restful sleep
- Dietary changes to reduce sugars and optimize nutrition
Medications or hormone therapy may be considered if lifestyle changes aren't sufficient. If you're experiencing low energy, reduced libido, loss of muscle mass, or other symptoms of low testosterone, we can help identify if hormone imbalance is at the root cause. Book an appointment for a consultation today.
In summary, testosterone is a crucial hormone that regulates many vital physiological functions. When properly balanced, it can improve muscle mass, bone density, libido, energy, and more. However, excessively high or low levels can cause adverse effects. Managing testosterone levels through diet, exercise, stress reduction, and medication if needed, can help optimize testosterone's benefits while minimizing any risks. Work with a knowledgeable hormone therapy clinic to determine if treatment is right for you.
