What is a mood disorder?
A mood disorder is a mental health condition that causes severe, long-lasting shifts in a person's mood that can impact their daily life. The main types of mood disorders are depression, bipolar disorder, dysthymia, and cyclothymia.
Depression is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, guilt, and loss of interest in activities. Symptoms may include fatigue, changes in sleep and appetite, suicidal thoughts, and more. Major depressive disorder is the clinical diagnosis for severe depression.
Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, causes extreme mood swings from emotional highs (mania) to lows (depression). Manic episodes may include increased energy, risky behavior, and racing thoughts.
Dysthymia is a mild but chronic form of depression that lasts for years. Cyclothymia involves cycles of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that don't reach full mania or major depression.
What causes mood disorders?
Mood disorders are complex conditions likely caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Possible causes include:
- Brain chemistry imbalances - Changes in neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine appear to play a role.
- Hormones - Imbalances in hormones like thyroid hormones, estrogen and testosterone may contribute. The Hormone Hub provides advanced hormone testing and personalized treatment plans to help restore optimal hormonal balance.
- Genetics - Mood disorders tend to run in families.
- Stress - Trauma, grief, relationship issues and other stressors can trigger mood episodes.
- Personality - Certain personality traits may increase vulnerability.
- Substance abuse - Alcohol and drugs often exacerbate mood disorders.
How are mood disorders diagnosed?
A mental health professional like a psychiatrist will diagnose a mood disorder based on criteria in the DSM-5 diagnostic manual. They'll conduct an evaluation, asking about symptoms, thoughts, behaviors and medical history. Diagnostic criteria for major depression may include:
- Depressed mood most of the day - Diminished interest in activities - Significant weight loss or gain - Fatigue or loss of energy - Feelings of worthlessness or guilt - Diminished ability to think or concentrate - Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
Blood tests, medical exams and psychological assessments may also be used to rule out other causes and identify any co-occurring conditions.
How are mood disorders treated?
Mood disorders are managed with a combination of medication, psychotherapy and lifestyle changes. Some treatment options include:
- Antidepressants - SSRIs, SNRIs, and other antidepressants help regulate neurotransmitters.
- Mood stabilizers - Lithium, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics can prevent mood episodes in bipolar disorder.
- Talk therapy - Cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy and other approaches help patients develop coping skills.
- Light therapy - Exposure to bright light may boost mood in seasonal affective disorder.
- Exercise - Regular exercise has a profound positive impact on mood.
- Stress reduction - Relaxation techniques like mindfulness meditation help relieve stress.
- Healthy lifestyle - Good sleep habits, a balanced diet and limiting alcohol support mental health.
If you think you may have a mood disorder, don't hesitate to speak to a doctor or mental health professional. With appropriate care and treatment, most people can manage their symptoms and enjoy an improved quality of life. The Hormone Hub offers leading-edge hormone treatments that may help stabilize mood for some patients. Contact us today for a consultation.