Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. It affects approximately 10-15% of couples, making it a common medical issue. There are many potential causes of infertility in both women and men.
Some key factors leading to female infertility include:
- Ovulation disorders - Problems with ovulation account for 30% of female infertility cases. Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can disrupt normal ovulation.
- Blocked fallopian tubes - Damage or blockage of the fallopian tubes is responsible for 25-35% of female infertility cases. Pelvic infections, endometriosis, or pelvic surgery can cause tubal blockages.
- Uterine issues - Problems with the uterus like fibroids or congenital defects make up 15-20% of female infertility cases. An abnormal uterine cavity can prevent implantation of a fertilized egg.
- Unexplained infertility - In 15% of cases, no cause is found despite evaluation. This is termed unexplained infertility.
Contributing factors for male infertility include:
- Sperm issues - Low sperm count, poor sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology cause up to 55% of male infertility. Varicocele, infections, trauma, and genetics can impact sperm health.
- Hypothalamic-pituitary problems - Hormonal imbalances in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland account for 30-40% of male fertility issues. Tumors, inflammation or congenital defects in these organs can disrupt sperm production.
- Blockages - Obstructions like varicose veins or infections can block the ejaculatory duct and prevent sperm delivery. This accounts for 2-5% of male infertility.
- Unexplained infertility - No identifiable cause is found in 10-15% of infertile men despite thorough testing.
Diagnosing the root cause of infertility starts with a complete evaluation of both partners. Doctors check the woman's ovulation, ovarian reserve and uterine cavity. Semen analysis examines the man's sperm count and quality. Additional testing like hormone panels, imaging studies and genetic testing help pinpoint the specific issue.
Treatment options for infertility depend on the underlying problem. Medications can help regulate ovulation or boost sperm production. Surgeries like laparoscopy or hysteroscopy can remove uterine or tubal blockages. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) bypass most mechanical problems during conception.
The emotional impact of infertility should not be overlooked. Seeking counseling provides much needed support. Connecting with others through in-person or online support groups can help couples feel less alone in their journey.
If you are struggling with infertility, the caring physicians at The Hormone Hub are here to help. We offer cutting-edge testing and treatment options customized to your needs. Our individualized care and compassionate team support couples every step of the way. There are many solutions available - do not lose hope. We look forward to helping you build the family you deserve.