What is hypogonadism?
Hypogonadism is a condition where the body doesn't produce enough sex hormones. The symptoms can vary depending on age and sex, but generally include decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, and mood changes. Hypogonadism can be primary or secondary.
Primary hypogonadism means the testes or ovaries themselves don't function properly. This can be due to genetic disorders like Klinefelter syndrome in men or Turner syndrome in women. It can also be caused by physical damage, radiation treatment, or autoimmune disorders affecting the gonads.
Secondary hypogonadism indicates a problem with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, which signal the gonads to produce sex hormones. Issues like tumors, inflammation, or head trauma can damage these areas of the brain. Certain medications like opiates or steroids can also suppress signals to the gonads.
Some key facts about hypogonadism:
- It affects both men and women, but is more common in older men. Up to 25% of men over 65 may have low testosterone.
- Common symptoms include low libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased muscle mass, mood changes, fatigue. Women may experience irregular periods and hot flashes.
- Blood tests of hormone levels are used for diagnosis. Testosterone below 300 ng/dL in men or estrogen below 20 pg/mL in women indicates hypogonadism.
- Treatment depends on age, symptoms, and goals. Testosterone replacement therapy can be used in men, while hormone replacement therapy is an option for women.
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I hope this overview on hypogonadism provides some useful information. Let me know if you have any other questions!